State the main features of the Indian Constitution.

Ques.- State the main features of the Indian Constitution.
Or, Examine the main features of the Indian Constitution.
Or, Discuss the main features of the Indian Republic Constitution.

Ans -  Main Features of Indian Constitution - Constitution is the format adopted by the state to give clean and orderly administration to the citizens. Every state has a constitution in some form or the other. Due to different circumstances, the constitution of that country also has some special things of its own which can be called the features of the constitution. There are many features of the Indian Constitution, out of which the main characteristics can be called. The main features of the Indian Constitution are the following:

1. Made and written Constitution Like most of the constitutions of the world, the constitution of India is also written and made. Made constitution because the constitution of India was prepared by the Constituent Assembly at a particular time and according to a definite plan. It is said to be written because it clearly mentions the organization of the government, its major organs and executive, constitution and powers of the executive and judiciary, and the fundamental rights and duties of the citizens. Therefore, the creation and writing of the Indian Constitution is a major feature.
2. The most detailed Constitution of the World - The Indian constitution is the most comprehensive and detailed constitution among other constitutions of the world. The main reason for this is that it has 395 articles, 22 chapters and 12 schedules, compared to 7 articles in the Constitution of the United States of America, 128 in the Constitution of Australia, 147 in the Constitution of Canada, 106 in the Constitution of China and 74 in the Constitution of Nepal. There are articles.
3. Constitution based on Public Sovereignty - An important feature of the Indian constitution is that this constitution has been made by the people of India and the final power has been given to the people. This constitution is also known from the point of view that the final power to amend it is also in the hands of the representatives elected by the people. In this way, like the Government of India Act of 1935, the Indian Constitution is not a work of the British Parliament or any other power, but is enacted and adopted by the people.
4. Socialist State - The word 'socialist' has been added to the preamble by the constitutional amendment of 42 of 1976 AD. 'Socialist State' means that all the citizens will get equal opportunities for their progress and development. The whole society will have the right on production and distribution etc. It will be used for the welfare of the whole society, thus the Indian Constitution establishes a democratic socialism, not a socialist one like China. This is an important feature of the Indian Constitution.
5. Mixing of Rigid and Flexible Constitution - Every constitution being changeable or unchangeable depends on its constitution process. If there is a special or difficult procedure for amendment in the constitution, then it is called an immutable or rigid constitution. If the constitution amendment process is easy, then it is flexible and neither more rigid like the US constitution. The method of amendment was neither made more difficult nor more simple. The important feature of the Indian constitution is that the constitution is rigid and flexible. Till now there have been 97 amendments in the Indian Constitution.
6. Unitary despite Being Federal - Indian constitution is federal from outside but its soul is unitary. In this way, our constitution has the characteristics of both federal and unitary constitutions: such as power division between the center and the states, supremacy of the constitution, independent judiciary. Due to these type of arrangements Indian constitution is federal and on the contrary, during emergency the constitution becomes completely unitary as all the powers come in the hands of the center.
7. Parliamentary system of Governance - Parliamentary system has been adopted in the Indian Constitution, in which there is only a nominal head of government and the relationship between the legislature and the executive is close and the tenure of the executive is fixed. This . All the features have been described by the constitution makers in the center and the states; For example, the cabinet is responsible to the Lok Sabha and the executive is formed in the legislature itself. Thus, the system of parliamentary governance is one of the important features of the Indian Constitution.
8. Establishment of Public Welfare State - The Indian Constitution set the goal of establishing a public welfare state in which all citizens would get social, economic and political justice: full freedom of speech, expression of ideas, belief, religion and worship Freedom will be achieved and everyone will get equal opportunities which is a unique feature of the Indian Constitution.
9. Adult Franchise - Adult franchise has been adopted under the Indian Constitution, according to which all men and women (except bankrupt, lunatics and criminals) have been given the right to vote in elections. The age of majority in voting has been reduced from 21 years to 18 years by the 61st Constitutional Amendment in 1988. Now every male and female citizen whose age is 18 years or more can participate in voting.
10. One Citizenship - Single citizenship has been arranged for all citizens in the Indian Constitution. All the people here are citizens of India, not citizens of different states. India does not have dual citizenship like the US; For example, a person living in any province of India will be a citizen of India only and not of both that province and India.